The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, represents
the greatest medical challenge in decades. We provide a comprehensive review of the …

Background Research on early adversity, stress biology, and child development has grown
exponentially in recent years. Findings We review the current evidence for the hypothalamic …

By focusing on the safe, stable, and nurturing relationships (SSNRs) that buffer adversity
and build resilience, pediatric care is on the cusp of a paradigm shift that could reprioritize …

Objective: This study aims to analyze the effects of social isolation on children's and
teenagers' development, with emphasis on the possible impacts over their physical and …

This widely used practitioner resource and course text provides an engaging overview of
developmental theory and research, with a focus on what practitioners need to know. The …

Childhood adversity has been repeatedly and robustly linked to physical and mental illness
across the lifespan. Yet, the biological pathways through which this occurs remain unclear …

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is influenced by early life adversity;
however, less is known about the potential for recovery following marked improvements in …

Importance Exposure to violence continues to be a growing epidemic, particularly among
children. An enhanced understanding of the biological effect of exposure to violence is …

Early-life adversity (ELA) is one of the major risk factors for serious mental and physical
health risks later in life. ELA has been associated with dysfunctional neurodevelopment …

Social support from close relationship partners is an important resource for coping with
stress, particularly during childhood. We discuss ethical challenges associated with studying …