Once the first SARS-CoV-2 vaccine became available, mass vaccination was the main pillar
of the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was very effective in reducing …

Since the end of 2019, the world has been challenged by the coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19) pandemic. With COVID-19 cases rising globally, severe acute respiratory …

Within-host HIV populations continually diversify during untreated infection, and this diversity
persists within infected cell reservoirs during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Achieving a better …

ABSTRACT HIV's ability to persist during suppressive antiretroviral therapy is the main
barrier to cure. Immune-privileged tissues, such as the testes, may constitute distinctive sites …

The HIV reservoir, which comprises diverse proviruses integrated into the genomes of
infected, primarily CD4+ T cells, is the main barrier to developing an effective HIV cure. Our …

The lung is an understudied site of HIV persistence. We isolated 898 subgenomic proviral
sequences (nef) by single-genome approaches from blood and lung from nine individuals …

HIV-1 undergoes multiple rounds of error-prone replication between transmission events,
resulting in diverse viral populations within and among individuals. In addition, the virus …

In order to cure human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we need to better understand the
within-host evolutionary origins of the small reservoir of genome-intact proviruses that …

Escape from cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses toward HIV-1 Gag and Nef has been
associated with reduced control of HIV-1 replication in adults. However, less is known about …

Pathogen diversity resulting in quasispecies can enable persistence and adaptation to host
defenses and therapies. However, accurate quasispecies characterization can be impeded …