Abstract Changes in ocean heat content (OHC) provide a measure of ocean warming, with
impacts on the Earth system. This Review synthesizes estimates of past and future OHC …

Abstract The East Antarctic Ice Sheet contains the vast majority of Earth's glacier ice (about
52 metres sea-level equivalent), but is often viewed as less vulnerable to global warming …

The land ice contribution to global mean sea level rise has not yet been predicted 1 using
ice sheet and glacier models for the latest set of socio-economic scenarios, nor using …

Antarctica's ice shelves help to control the flow of glacial ice as it drains into the ocean,
meaning that the rate of global sea-level rise is subject to the structural integrity of these …

Ice flow models of the Antarctic ice sheet are commonly used to simulate its future evolution
in response to different climate scenarios and inform on the mass loss that would contribute …

The Greenland ice sheet is one of the largest contributors to global mean sea-level rise
today and is expected to continue to lose mass as the Arctic continues to warm. The two …

The future surface mass balance (SMB) will influence the ice dynamics and the contribution
of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) to the sea level rise. Most of recent Antarctic SMB projections …

Antarctica's ice shelves modulate the grounded ice flow, and weakening of ice shelves due
to climate forcing will decrease their 'buttressing'effect, causing a response in the grounded …

Future climate projections show a marked increase in Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) runoff
during the 21st century, a direct consequence of the Polar Amplification signal. Regional …

Speedup of Pine Island Glacier over the past several decades has made it Antarctica's
largest contributor to sea-level rise. The past speedup is largely due to grounding-line …