Mitochondria fulfill a number of biological functions which inherently depend on ATP and O
2−•/H 2 O 2 production. Both ATP and O 2−•/H 2 O 2 are generated by electron transfer …

By nature of the reversibility of the addition of glutathione to low pKa cysteine residues, the
post-translational modification of S-glutathionylation sanctions a cycle that can create a …

Electrophilic probes that covalently modify a cysteine thiol often show enhanced
pharmacological potency and selectivity. Although reversible Michael acceptors have been …

Nanoscale measurements provide insight into the nano world. For instance, nanometric
spatiotemporal distribution of intracellular pH is regulated by and regulates a variety of …

In a diverse family of cellular cofactors, coenzyme A (CoA) has a unique design to function in
various biochemical processes. The presence of a highly reactive thiol group and a …

Methods for the calculation of the p K a ionizable amino acids are valuable tools for
understanding pH-dependent properties of proteins. Cysteine is unique among the amino …

Mitochondria are highly efficient energy-transforming organelles that convert energy stored
in nutrients into ATP. The production of ATP by mitochondria is dependent on oxidation of …

The tripeptide glutathione (GSH) and its oxidized form glutathione disulfide (GSSG)
constitute a key redox couple in cells. In particular, they partner protein thiols in reversible …

The molecular oxygen (O2) paradox was coined to describe its essential nature and toxicity.
The latter characteristic of O2 is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species …

Accurate estimation of the p K a's of cysteine residues in proteins could inform targeted
approaches in hit discovery. The p K a of a targetable cysteine residue in a disease-related …