This Review focuses on whether the emerging industry of deep-seabed mining aligns with
the sustainable development agenda. We cover motivations for deep-seabed mining …

Seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) deposits form in a suite of hydrothermal settings across a
range of depths. Many deposits are of a tonnage and mineral grade comparable to land …

Commercial-scale mining for polymetallic nodules could have a major impact on the deep-
sea environment, but the effects of these mining activities on deep-sea ecosystems are very …

Deep-sea hydrothermal-vent ecosystems have stimulated decades of scientific research and
hold promise of mineral and genetic resources that also serve societal needs. Some …

Increasing exploration and industrial exploitation of the vast and fragile deep-ocean
environment for a wide range of resources (eg, oil, gas, fisheries, new molecules, and soon …

The availability and sustainable supply of technology metals and valuable elements is
critical to the global economy. There is a growing realization that the development and …

Abstract Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is key to the robust environmental
management of industrial projects; it is used to anticipate, assess and reduce environmental …

Integrated management of multiple economic sectors is a central tenet of blue growth and
socially optimal use of ocean-based natural resources, but the mechanisms of …

Ecological risk assessment for deep-sea mining is challenging, given the data-poor state of
knowledge of deep-sea ecosystem structure, process, and vulnerability. Polling and a scale …

Accelerated exploration of minerals in the deep sea over the past decade has raised the
likelihood that commercial mining of the deep seabed will commence in the near future …