Inflammatory macrophages in colonic mucosa are the leading drivers of the pathology
associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here we examined whether gadolinium …

Background Animal studies indicate that splenocytes may act as precursors of β-islet
secretory cells in the pancreas. This study aimed to assess the risk of postoperative type II …

Muscle changes of critical illness are attributed to systemic inflammatory responses and
disuse atrophy. GTS-21 (3-(2, 4-dimethoxy-benzylidene) anabaseine), also known as DMBX …

The levels of the hormone prolactin (PRL) are reduced in the circulation of patients with
Type 2 diabetes and in obese children, and lower systemic PRL levels correlate with an …

The development of cholestatic liver injury (CLI) involves inflammation, but the dominant
pathway mediating the chemotaxis is not yet established. This work explored key signaling …

Hemorrhagic shock is associated with metabolic defects, including hyperglycemia and
insulin resistance, but the mechanisms are unknown. We recently demonstrated that …

Cellular cholesterol homeostasis is increasingly being recognized as an important
determinant of the inflammatory status of macrophages, and a decrease in cellular …

Polarization of macrophages to proinflammatory M1 and to antiinflammatory alternatively
activated M2 states has physiological implications in the development of experimental …

Insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction are common following injury. Polytrauma is
defined as combined injuries to more than one body part or organ system, and is common in …

Impaired insulin receptor (IR) activity has been found in various models of insulin resistance,
including models of injury or critical illness and Type 2 diabetes. However, mechanisms that …