Estrogens have historically been associated with female reproduction, but work over the last
two decades established that estrogens and their main nuclear receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) …

Multiciliated cells are epithelial cells that are in contact with bodily fluids and are required for
the proper function of major organs including the brain, the respiratory system and the …

Testicular spermatozoa acquire fertility only after 1 or 2 weeks of transit through the
epididymis. At the end of this several meters long epididymal tubule, the male gamete is …

Although it has been known for many years that estrogen administration has deleterious
effects on male fertility, data from transgenic mice deficient in estrogen receptors or …

Oestrogen is considered to be the 'female'hormone, whereas testosterone is considered the
'male'hormone. However, both hormones are present in both sexes. Thus sexual distinctions …

Testosterone and estrogen are no longer considered male only and female only hormones.
Both hormones are important in both sexes. It was known as early as the 1930's that …

The INHAND Project (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria
for Lesions in Rats and Mice) is a joint initiative of the Societies of Toxicologic Pathology …

Cilia are cell-surface, microtubule-based organelles that project into extracellular space.
Motile cilia are conserved throughout eukaryotes, and their beat induces the flow of fluid …

The flow of water and some other small molecules across cell membranes is important in
many of the processes underlying reproduction. The fluid movement is strongly associated …

The understanding of estrogen's function in the male reproductive tract is limited, and
estrogen receptor (ER) localization in the reproductive tract of the adult male rat has not …