As the principal tissue for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, skeletal muscle is a primary
driver of whole-body glycemic control. Skeletal muscle also uniquely responds to muscle …

This review takes an inclusive approach to microvascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus
and cardiometabolic disease. In virtually every organ, dynamic interactions between the …

Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes adversely affect the microvasculature in multiple organs.
Our understanding of the genesis of this injury and of potential interventions to prevent, limit …

Glucose levels in blood must be constantly maintained within a tight physiological range to
sustain anabolism. Insulin regulates glucose homeostasis via its effects on glucose …

The major effects of insulin on muscle and adipose tissue are:(1) Carbohydrate
metabolism:(a) it increases the rate of glucose transport across the cell membrane,(b) it …

Endothelial dysfunction contributes to cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension,
atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease, which are also characterized by insulin …

The interaction between insulin and exercise is an example of balancing and modifying the
effects of two opposing metabolic regulatory forces under varying conditions. While insulin is …

Insulin has important vascular actions to stimulate production of nitric oxide from
endothelium. This leads to capillary recruitment, vasodilation, increased blood flow, and …

The endothelium is a complex organ with a multitude of properties essential for control of
vascular functions. Dysfunction of the vascular endothelium is regarded as an important …

Adipose tissue expresses cytokines that inhibit insulin signalling pathways in liver and
muscle. Obesity also results in impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in …