The study of individual behavioral variation, sometimes called animal personalities or
behavioral types, is now a well-established area of research in behavioral ecology and …

Measuring and understanding personality in animals is a rising scientific field. Much
research has been conducted to assess distinctive individual differences in behavior in a …

Animal 'personality', defined as repeatable inter-individual differences in behaviour, is a
concept in biology that faces intense controversy. Critics argue that the field is riddled with …

Survival depends on appropriate behavioural and physiological responses to danger. In
addition to active 'fight‐flight'defence responses, a passive 'freeze‐hide'response is adaptive …

A crucial assumption of animal personality research is that behaviour is consistent over time,
showing a high repeatability within individuals. This assumption is often made, sometimes …

The idea of animals possessing personalities was once dismissed by the scientific
community, but has since gained traction with evidence for potential application to improve …

Personality is essential for understanding the evolution of cooperation and conflict in
behavior. However, personality science remains disconnected from the field of social …

Behavioural responses are often the first reaction of an organism to human‐induced rapid
environmental change (HIREC), yet current empirical evidence provides no consensus …

Recent research suggests that personality, defined as consistent individual behavioral
variation, in farm animals could be an important factor when considering their health …

Increasing evidence suggests that personality structure differs between species, but the
evolutionary reasons for this variation are not fully understood. We built on earlier research …