Viruses that replicate in the human respiratory mucosa without infecting systemically,
including influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, endemic coronaviruses, RSV, and many other" …

Innate and adaptive immune responses have a well-known link and represent the distinctive
origins of several diseases, many of which may be the consequence of the loss of balance …

Trained immunity is a renewed concept of innate immune memory that facilitates the innate
immune system to have the capacity to remember and train cells via metabolic and …

Evidence that the innate immune system can respond with forms of memory upon reinfection
has been accumulating over the past few years. These phenomena of “immune priming” in …

Background Sequelae of COVID-19 in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have not been
characterised. We explored whether COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of …

Cutaneous melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer. The development of
immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the management of advanced …

Acquisition of immunological memory is an important evolutionary strategy that evolved to
protect the host from repetitive challenges from infectious agents. It was believed for a long …

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most common pathogen of infectious encephalitis,
accounting for nearly half of the confirmed cases of encephalitis. Its clinical symptoms are …

The innate and acquired immune response induced by a commercial inactivated vaccine
against Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) and protection conferred against the virus were …

Malignant tumors have become a significant risk factor for human mortality. Although there
have been notable advancements in the treatment of tumors, patient prognosis remains …