Antipsychotic drugs are the mainstay in the treatment of schizophrenia. However, one-third
of patients do not show adequate improvement in positive symptoms with non-clozapine …

The habenula is a small bilateral epithalamic structure that plays a key role in the regulation
of the main monoaminergic systems. It is implicated in many aspects of behavior such as …

At the group-level, deep brain stimulation leads to significant therapeutic benefit in a
multitude of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. At the single-patient level …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for ParkinsonLs disease (1) via
modulation of motor corticostriatothalamic circuits (CSTs)(2, 3). CST connections to motor …

The habenula is an epithalamic structure implicated in negative reward mechanisms and
plays a downstream modulatory role in regulation of dopaminergic and serotonergic …

The use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in treatment resistant patients with schizophrenia is
of considerable current interest, but where to site the electrodes is challenging. This article …

Traditional therapeutic methods in psychiatry, such as psychopharmacology and
psychotherapy help many people suffering from mental disorders, but in the long-term prove …

Introduction: The multiplicity and complexity of the neuronal connections in the central
nervous system make it difficult to disentangle circuits that play an essential role in the …

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine the current scientific literature on deep brain
stimulation (DBS) targeting the habenula for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders …

Pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZD), is
linked to habenula (Hb) function. While pharmacotherapies and deep brain stimulation …