The immense interindividual clinical variability during any infection is a long-standing
enigma. Inborn errors of IFN-γ and IFN-α/β immunity underlying rare infections with weakly …

The vast interindividual clinical variability observed in any microbial infection—ranging from
silent infection to lethal disease—is increasingly being explained by human genetic and …

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious global public health challenge that results in significant
morbidity and mortality worldwide. TB is caused by infection with the bacilli Mycobacterium …

Patients with autosomal recessive (AR) IL-12p40 or IL-12Rβ1 deficiency display Mendelian
susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) due to impaired IFN-γ production and, less …

Abstract The cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) was thought to have a central role in T cell–
mediated responses in inflammation for more than a decade after it was first identified …

Abstract Type-1 and type-3 interferons (IFNs) are important for control of viral replication;
however, less is known about the role of Type-2 IFN (IFNγ) in anti-viral immunity. We …

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare condition characterized
by predisposition to clinical disease caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as BCG …

The induction and action of type I interferon (IFN) is of fundamental importance in human
immune defenses toward microbial pathogens, particularly viruses. Basic discoveries within …

Pulmonary granulomas are widely considered the epicenters of the immune response to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Recent animal …

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is caused by inborn errors of IFN-
γ immunity. Affected patients are highly and selectively susceptible to weakly virulent …