Sterile inflammatory processes are essential for the maintenance of central nervous system
homeostasis, but they also contribute to various neurological disorders, including …

Background/Objective: Prothymosin alpha (proTα) is a ubiquitous polypeptide first isolated
by Haritos in 1984, whose role still remains partly elusive. We know that proTα acts both …

Cardiolipin is a mitochondrial membrane phospholipid with several well-defined metabolic
roles. Cardiolipin can be released extracellularly by damaged cells and has been shown to …

Introduction Chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) is a common infectious disease of the oral
cavity. Immune responses and osteoclastogenesis of monocytes/macrophages play a …

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived retinal pigment epithelium (hiPSC-
RPE) cells suspension have the potential for regenerative treatment. However, practical …

Glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes, facilitate the survival and health of all cells
within the Central Nervous System (CNS) by secreting a range of growth factors and …

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum
during the early and late phases of brain ischemia and is known to contribute to brain …

Prothymosin alpha (ProTα) is expressed in various mammalian organs including the
neuronal nuclei in the brain, and is involved in multiple functions, such as chromatin …

Thrombolytic therapy with the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a therapeutic option for
acute ischemic stroke. However, this approach is subject to several limitations, particularly …

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration beyond 4.5 h of stroke symptoms is
beneficial for patients but has an increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Thus, increasing …