All light has structure, but only recently has it been possible to control it in all its degrees of
freedom and dimensions, fuelling fundamental advances and applications alike. Here we …

Orbital angular momentum (OAM), which describes tailoring the spatial physical dimension
of light waves into a helical phase structure, has given rise to many applications in optical …

Structured light refers to the arbitrarily tailoring of optical fields in all their degrees of freedom
(DoFs), from spatial to temporal. Although orbital angular momentum (OAM) is perhaps the …

Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is an emerging and feasible
underwater communication technology and has developed rapidly in recent years. Building …

Structured light with inhomogeneous phase, amplitude, and polarization spatial distributions
that represent an infinite-dimensional space of eigenstates for light as the ideal carrier can …

Spatial mode (de) multiplexing of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams is a promising
solution to address future bandwidth issues, but the rapidly increasing divergence with the …

Underwater wireless communications can be carried out through acoustic, radio frequency
(RF), and optical waves. Compared to its bandwidth limited acoustic and RF counterparts …

Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface, where the steady increase in oceanic activities has
promoted the need for reliable maritime communication technologies. The existing maritime …

Structured light is routinely used in free-space optical communication channels, both
classical and quantum, where information is encoded in the spatial structure of the mode for …

With the ever-increasing demand for data and the radio frequency spectrum becoming
congested, free space optics (FSO) may find a niche for situations where fiber is too …