The brain is a highly energy-demanding organ and requires bioenergetic adaptability to
balance normal activity with pathophysiological fuelling of spontaneous recurrent seizures …

Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid whose effects are triggered through the
enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Due to the rapid …

The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1R) and
facilitatory A2A receptors (A2AR) in the brain. The activity‐dependent release of adenosine …

Astrocytes express a variety of G protein–coupled receptors and might influence cognitive
functions, such as learning and memory. However, the roles of astrocytic Gs-coupled …

In ischemic stroke, the primary neuronal injury caused by the disruption of energy supply is
further exacerbated by secondary sterile inflammation. The inflammatory cascade is largely …

ATP is released in an activity-dependent manner from different cell types in the brain,
fulfilling different roles as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, in astrocyte-to-neuron …

Adenosine plays a very significant role in modulating striatal glutamatergic and
dopaminergic neurotransmission. In the present essay we first review the extensive …

This review discusses the evidence supporting a role for ATP signaling (operated by P 2 X
and P 2 Y receptors) and adenosine signaling (mainly operated by A 1 and A 2A receptors) …

Ischemia is a multifactorial pathology characterized by different events evolving in the time.
After ischemia a primary damage due to the early massive increase of extracellular …