Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is highly prevalent in humans and can reach the brain
without evident clinical symptoms. Once in the central nervous system (CNS), the virus can …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle required for lipid biosynthesis,
calcium storage, and protein folding and processing. A number of physiological and …

Environmental exposure to silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) is inevitable due to their widespread
application in industrial, commercial, and biomedical fields. In recent years, most …

In clinical settings, oxygen therapy is administered to preterm neonates and to adults with
acute and chronic conditions such as COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis, sepsis, cardiac arrest …

The apoptotic or necrotic death of renal tubule epithelial cells is the main pathogenesis of
renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Pyroptosis is a programmed …

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy. Despite the advances in
past decades, the clinical outcomes of AML patients remain poor. Leukemia stem cells …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an elaborate organelle that is essential for cellular
function and survival. Conditions that interfere with ER functioning can lead to the …

It has been documented in in vitro studies that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are
capable of inducing oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in ZnO NP-mediated …

Alpha (α)-herpesviruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2), like other viruses, are obligate intracellular
parasites. They hijack the cellular machinery to survive and replicate through evading the …

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death, which maintains cellular homeostasis by
eliminating pathogen-infected cells. It contains three signaling pathways: death receptor …