Recent advancements in biopharmaceutical industry have facilitated the development of
novel bioactive macromolecular therapeutics. One of the challenges towards the clinical use …

Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss of those over
the age of 65 in the industrialized world. The prevalence and need to develop effective …

Highlights•Ocular drug delivery is a field in which regular ADME tools are not useful.•
Pharmacokinetics based dosing aid for ocular drug delivery is presented.•User-friendly …

Ocular drug delivery has seen several advances in the past few decades, with respect to
new drugs, improved formulations, targeted delivery, as well as exploration of new routes of …

Abstract Treatment and management of diseases of the posterior segment of the eye such
as diabetic retinopathy, retinoblastoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and choroidal …

Effective drug delivery to the retina still remains a challenge due to ocular elimination
mechanisms and complex barriers that selectively limit the entry of drugs into the eye. To …

In several ocular diseases, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level has been found
to be unregulated. Bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF drug, is the most commonly used off level …

Therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies, single chain variable fragment
(ScFv), crystallizable fragment (Fc), and fragment antigen binding (Fab), have accounted for …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of certified vision loss
worldwide. The standard treatment for neovascular AMD involves repeated intravitreal …

Pathological angiogenesis is a crucial attribute of several chronic diseases such as cancer,
age-related macular degeneration, and osteoarthritis (OA). In the case of OA, pathological …