The immunology of pregnancy is complex and poorly defined. During the complex process
of pregnancy, macrophages secrete many cytokines/chemokines and play pivotal roles in …

The impact of respiratory virus infections on the health of children and adults can be very
significant. Yet, in contrast to most other childhood infections as well as other viral and …

Indonesia has made great progress in expanding tuberculosis (TB) services over the last
few years, but the decline in TB incidence has been slow and the country still ranks third for …

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to global public health. WHO
emphasises the need for countries to monitor antibiotic consumption to combat AMR. Many …

BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing, driven by widespread
antibiotic use. The wide availability of effective antibiotics is under threat, jeopardizing …

Abstract The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) call upon all countries to achieve 17
broad development goals by 2030. The SDGs are a central component of many national …

Background Childhood malnutrition is a critical public health concern in Pakistan. We aimed
to explore factors associated with malnutrition in Pakistani children (< 5 years of age) using …

Background We have previously estimated that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was
associated with 22% of all episodes of (severe) acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) …

An estimated 2· 6 million third trimester stillbirths occurred in 2015 (uncertainty range 2· 4–3·
0 million). The number of stillbirths has reduced more slowly than has maternal mortality or …

Since the year 2000, a concerted campaign against malaria has led to unprecedented levels
of intervention coverage across sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the effect of this control …