DNA methylation data have become a valuable source of information for biomarker
development, because, unlike static genetic risk estimates, DNA methylation varies …

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may be referred to by other terms (eg, early life
adversity or stress and childhood trauma) and have a lifelong impact on mental and physical …

Exams, tight deadlines and interpersonal conflicts are just a few examples of the many
events that may result in high levels of stress in both students and teachers. Research over …

Glucocorticoid stress hormones are crucially involved in modulating mnemonic processing
of emotionally arousing experiences. They enhance the consolidation of new memories …

The deep evolutionary history of African populations, since the emergence of modern
humans more than 300,000 years ago, has resulted in high genetic diversity and …

Neurodevelopmental programming—the implementation of the genetic and epigenetic
blueprints that guide and coordinate normal brain development—requires tight regulation of …

Stress has a critical role in the development and expression of many psychiatric disorders,
and is a defining feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Stress also limits the …

Early life stress (ELS) is a known risk factor for suffering psychopathology in adulthood. The
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis has been described to be deregulated in both …

Questions of how altered functioning of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis
contribute to the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) …

DNA methylation (DNAm)–an epigenetic process that regulates gene expression–may
represent a mechanism for the biological embedding of early traumatic experiences …