The synthesis and secretion of cortisol are controlled by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
axis. Cortisol exhibits a proper 24-h circadian rhythm that affects the brain, the autonomic …

Surveys and registries are needed to verify that real-life daily practice is in keeping with what
is recommended in the guidelines, thus completing the loop between clinical research …

The current manuscript is an update of the original Practical Guide, published in June 2013
[Heidbuchel H, Verhamme P, Alings M, Antz M, Hacke W, Oldgren J, et al. European Heart …

New oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are an alternative for vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) to
prevent stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Both physicians and …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) confers a substantial risk of mortality and morbidity from stroke and
thrombo-embolism, and this common cardiac arrhythmia represents a major healthcare …

The most commonly prescribed oral anticoagulants worldwide are the vitamin K antagonists
(VKAs) such as warfarin. Factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of VKAs are important …

ESC Guidelines 2721 the outcome of disease may be favourably influenced by the thorough
application of clinical recommendations. Thus, the task of writing guidelines covers not only …

Aims The risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) increases with age. In the
ARISTOTLE trial, apixaban when compared with warfarin reduced the rate of stroke, death …

New oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are an alternative for vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) to
prevent stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). Both physicians and …

Thyroid hormones modulate every component of the cardiovascular system necessary for
normal cardiovascular development and function. When cardiovascular disease is present …