The freeze–thaw durability of concrete is an important factor for determining the service life
of concrete in cold regions. This overview expounds three stages of freeze–thaw damage in …

In cold regions, the action of freeze–thaw (FT) cycles is regarded as the main cause of
concrete deterioration. The coupling actions between FT cycles and chemical actions, such …

Accelerated carbonation treatment as an effective approach of reducing the carbon footprint
in the concrete industry is being investigated extensively. Such carbonation treatment …

Steel slags are industrial by-products of steel manufacturing, characterized as highly
calcareous, siliceous and ferrous. They can be categorized into basic oxygen furnace (BOF) …

Because of the unique physical and chemical characteristics of steel slag, steel slag
aggregate (SSA) has been recycled into Portland cement concrete as a substitution for …

With the extension of service time, infrastructure is in growing urgency for repair and
reinforcement due to its deterioration in safety and durability over the years. Normal cement …

Use of recycled aggregate manufactured from waste concrete to produce new concrete
could reduce the use of natural gravel, and the quantity and area of landfills, which is …

Natural aggregate is commonly used in mortar and concrete. In some places in the world,
the natural aggregate may no longer reach the construction demands in terms of quality …

The disposal of steel slag in landfills not only squanders precious landfill resources but also
results in significant environmental contamination. Steel slag can be used to replace cement …

Artificial steel slag aggregates were prepared via carbonating the mixes of steel slag, fly ash
and Portland cement, of which the microstructure, property and their impact on the …