The review provides a comprehensive update (previous report: Chen R, Cros D, Curra A, Di
Lazzaro V, Lefaucheur JP, Magistris MR, et al. The clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a powerful tool to probe in vivo brain circuits, as it
allows to assess several cortical properties such as excitability, plasticity and connectivity in …

The combination of pharmacology and transcranial magnetic stimulation to study the effects
of drugs on TMS-evoked EMG responses (pharmaco-TMS-EMG) has considerably improved …

Background In recent years, many studies have evaluated the effects of noninvasive brain
stimulation (NIBS) techniques for the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric …

Cognitive dysfunction has recently gained attention as a significant problem among
migraine sufferers. All of the clinical studies show poor cognitive performance during …

Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques (NiBS) have gathered substantial interest in the
study of dementia, considered their possible role in help defining diagnostic biomarkers of …

The review focuses on the clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS). The central motor conduction time (CMCT) is a sensitive method to detect …

The combination of brain stimulation techniques like transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
with CNS active drugs in humans now offers a unique opportunity to explore the physiologic …

Dopamine loss in the substantia nigra causes several of the motor signs seen in Parkinson's
disease, but there is now increasing evidence highlighting the importance of cholinergic loss …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an ideal technique for non-invasively stimulating
the brain and assessing intracortical processes. By delivering electrical stimuli to a …