Acetylcholine (ACh) has a crucial role in the peripheral and central nervous systems. The
enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is responsible for synthesizing ACh from acetyl …

Growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and brain acid-soluble protein 1 (BASP1) regulate
actin dynamics and presynaptic vesicle cycling at axon terminals, thereby facilitating axonal …

Alzheimer's disease is a common and devastating disease characterized by aggregation of
the amyloid-β peptide. However, we know relatively little about the underlying molecular …

A major feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the loss of noradrenergic locus coeruleus
(LC) projection neurons that mediate attention, memory, and arousal. However, the extent to …

Autophagy is the principal cellular pathway for degradation of long-lived proteins and
organelles and regulates cell fate in response to stress. Recently, autophagy has been …

The basis for memory loss in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) seems likely to involve synaptic
damage caused by soluble Aβ-derived oligomers (ADDLs). ADDLs have been shown to …

Synaptic loss is the major neurobiological substrate of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's
disease (AD). Synaptic failure is an early event in the pathogenesis that is clearly detectable …

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, clinically heterogeneous, and particularly complex
neurodegenerative disease characterized by a decline in cognition. Over the last two …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressing form of dementia characterized in its
earliest stages as a loss of memory. Individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment …

Neuroplasticity is not only shaped by learning and memory but is also a mediator of
responses to neuron attrition and injury (compensatory plasticity). As an ongoing process it …