Airborne algae cause the main damage to the value and safety of open-air stone carvings.
Due to this, certain sheltering measures are currently in use in order to protect them. This …

Biofilm stands as a critical issue in the deterioration of masonry construction, leading to
aesthetic problems and potential structural issues. Giving the time-consuming nature of …

Building facades often become black and/or green because of soiling caused by airborne
algae. The algal growth is influenced by available water supply including rain …

The discoloration of building facades due to airborne algae is observed in our surroundings.
The growth conditions of these algae are not yet fully understood, and efficient measures for …

Green and/or black soiling on building facades worldwide is caused by airborne algae,
which has strong drought tolerance and grows in the atmosphere. Poikilohydric plants such …

The author reviewed reported studies related to his own hygrothermal research. The outline
of the research is first described with respect to the thermal conductivity of a moist porous …

Biofouling has always been a crucial issue in the deterioration of masonry construction,
which can result in an aesthetic problem, compromise the mechanical quality of historic and …

There are many moisture-related problems and topics in the field of buildings. In this review,
the past research trend in the field of moisture in Japan is first overviewed by examining the …

Environmental factors influencing the deterioration of Nikka Stone used in Koshien Hall
were investigated through field surveys of current conditions. The main results obtained …

Biofouling has always been a crucial issue in the deterioration of masonry construction,
which can result in an aesthetic problem, compromise the mechanical quality of historic and …