The proteins extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 are the downstream
components of a phosphorelay pathway that conveys growth and mitogenic signals largely …

Abstract Noonan syndrome [NS; Mendelian Inheritance in Men (MIM)# 163950] and related
syndromes [Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (formerly called LEOPARD …

The crosstalk between endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes has emerged as a requisite for
normal cardiac development, but also a key pathogenic player during the onset and …

Advances in our understanding of cardiovascular development have provided a roadmap for
the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to the major cell types …

Although more than 90% of children born with congenital heart disease (CHD) survive into
adulthood, patients face significantly higher and premature morbidity and mortality. Heart …

The small GTPases from the Ras superfamily play crucial roles in basic cellular processes
during practically the entire process of neurodevelopment, including neurogenesis …

RASopathies are a family of developmental disorders that share germline mutations in the
components of the RAS-MAPK pathway leading to dysregulated signalling. A high …

Aims Endurance exercise is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). We
previously established that adverse atrial remodelling and AF susceptibility induced by …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in the pathophysiologic process of heart
failure (HF). However, the functions of a certain miRNA in different cardiac cell types during …

A healthy heart comprises various cell types, including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells,
fibroblasts, immune cells, and among others, which work together to maintain optimal …