The shy-bold continuum is a fundamental axis of behavioral variation in humans and at least
some other species, but its taxonomic distribution and evolutionary implications are …

My objective here is to provide a comprehensive review of recent empirical and theoretical
work on antipredator decision making. The ways in which predators influence the behavioral …

There are many different types of organisms in the world: they differ in size, physiology,
appearance, and life history. The challenge for evolutionary biology is to explain how such …

. P] redator-prey interactions have long captured the attention of ecologists, and with good
reason. Predation leads inevitably to the removal of prey individuals from ecological …

Predators and food are the keys to understanding fish shoals; synchronised co-operation
defeats predators, and optimal food gathering in shoals reflects a shifting balance between …

To study animal welfare empirically we need an objective basis for deciding when an animal
is suffering. Suffering includes a wide range ofunpleasant emotional states such as fear …

Despite the depiction of nature" red in tooth and claw", cooperation is actually widespread in
the animal kingdom. Various types of cooperative behaviors have been documented in …

The shy–bold continuum is recognized as a fundamental axis of behavioral variation in
humans, but 3 major issues have not been addressed. First, the taxonomic distribution of …

This book celebrates the guppy's unique contribution to evolutionary ecology. Ever since
Caryl Haskins described guppy populations as a'natural experiment'because of the way …

In the study of behavioral predator–prey interactions, predators have been treated as
abstract sources of risk to which prey respond, rather than participants in a larger behavioral …