Plastics are everywhere in our modern way of living, and their production keeps increasing
every year, causing major environmental concerns. Nowadays, the end-of-life management …

Bioplastics—typically plastics manufactured from bio-based polymers—stand to contribute to
more sustainable commercial plastic life cycles as part of a circular economy, in which virgin …

Plastic waste are introduced into the environment inevitably and their exposure in the
environment causes deterioration in mechanical and physicochemical properties and leads …

Microplastics pollution is major threat to ecosystems and is impacting abiotic and biotic
components. Microplastics are diverse and highly complex contaminants that transport other …

Accumulation of plastic wastes has been recently recognized as one of the most critical
environmental challenges, affecting all life forms, natural ecosystems and economy …

Plastic polymers with different properties have been developed in the last 150 years to
replace materials such as wood, glass and metals across various applications …

Microplastics are small plastic pieces ranging in size from 1μ to< 5 mm in diameter, are
water-soluble, and can be either primary as they are initially created in small sizes or …

Plastic polymers are non-degradable solid wastes that have become a great threat to the
whole world and degradation of these plastics would take a few decades. Compared with …

The growing accumulation of plastic wastes is one of the main environmental challenges
currently faced by modern societies. These wastes are considered a serious global problem …

The mass production and wide application of plastics and their derivatives have led to the
release of a large number of discarded plastic products into the natural environment, where …