Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent and complex neurodevelopmental disorder
which has strong genetic basis. Despite the rapidly rising incidence of autism, little is known …

Increasing evidence points to a central role for immune dysregulation in autism spectrum
disorder (ASD). Several ASD risk genes encode components of the immune system and …

The developing brain is sensitive to a variety of insults. Epidemiological studies have
identified prenatal exposure to infection as a risk factor for a range of neurological disorders …

The gut microbiome has a tremendous influence on human physiology, including the
nervous system. During fetal development, the initial colonization of the microbiome …

A subset of women who are exposed to infection during pregnancy have an increased risk of
giving birth to a child who will later be diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental or …

Several neurological conditions are associated with sex differences in prevalence or
outcome. For example, autism predominantly affects boys, depression is more common in …

J. Neurochem.(2012) 120, 948–963. Abstract Microglia are the resident immune cells within
the brain and their production of immune molecules such as cytokines and chemokines is …

The brain, endocrine, and immune systems are inextricably linked. Immune molecules have
a powerful impact on neuroendocrine function, including hormone–behavior interactions …

BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental disorders are caused by abnormalities in the
developing brain. Such abnormalities can occur as a result of germline or somatic mutations …

The gut microbiota is a vast, complex, and fascinating ecosystem of microorganisms that
resides in the human gastrointestinal tract. As an integral part of the microbiota–gut–brain …