JavaScript has been a de facto standard language for client-side web programs, and now it
is expanding its territory to general purpose programs. In this article, we classify the client …

Programmers in dynamic languages wishing to constrain and understand the behavior of
their programs may turn to gradually-typed languages, which allow types to be specified …

In order to generate efficient code, dynamic language compilers often need information,
such as dynamic types, not readily available in the program source. Leveraging a mixture of …

Ruby is a dynamically typed programming language with a large breadth of features which
has grown in popularity with the rise of the modern web, and remains at the core of the …

The fastest JavaScript production implementations use just-in-time (JIT) compilation and the
vast majority of academic publications about implementations of dynamic languages …

Abstract Basic Block Versioning (BBV) is a compilation technique for optimizing program
execution. It consists in duplicating and specializing basic blocks of code according to the …

Static compilation, aka, ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation, is an alternative approach to JIT
compilation that can combine good speed and lightweight memory footprint, and that can …

Mixed-typed languages enable programmers to link typed and untyped components in
various ways. Some offer rich type systems to facilitate the smooth migration of untyped code …

The Ruby programming language is dynamically typed, uses dynamic and late bound
dispatch for all operators, method calls and many control structures, and provides extensive …

Dynamically typed programming languages such as Python and JavaScript defer type
checking to run time. VM implementations can improve performance by eliminating …