After the parabolic equation method was initially applied to scalar wave propagation
problems in ocean acoustics and seismology, it took more than a decade before there was …

The numerical simulation of acoustic waves in complex three-dimensional (3D) media is a
key topic in many branches of science, from exploration geophysics to non-destructive …

A three-dimensional (3D) geodesic Cartesian parabolic equation model is utilized to study
the propagation of low-frequency underwater sound (5 to 20 Hz), the so-called T-phase …

The term T waves is generally associated with acoustic waves generated by seismic events
that subsequently travel horizontally in the ocean at the speed of sound. In this paper, we …

This chapter presents some common sound propagation modeling methods: ray tracing,
wave number integration, normal-mode expansion, parabolic equation approximation, and …

Parabolic equation (PE) method is an efficient tool for modelling underwater sound
propagation, particularly for problems involving range dependence. Since the PE method …

Partial differential equations (PDEs) can be solved numerically by finite element method
(FEM). θ-difference FEM scheme carries out spatial discretization with FEM and temporal …

This paper discusses the nature of the low-frequency seismo-acoustic waves generated by
submarine earthquakes in the ocean. In a finite-depth homogeneous ocean over a semi …

A three-dimensional (3D) hybrid modeling method is used to study the generation and
propagation of T waves in the ocean triggered by a Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge earthquake …

In March 2014, an Arctic Line Arrays System (ALAS) was deployed as part of an experiment
in the Beaufort Sea (approximate location 72.323 N, 146.490 W). The water depth was …