Bacteria must be able to respond to a changing environment, and one way to respond is to
move. The transduction of sensory signals alters the concentration of small phosphorylated …

Although phenomenlogical models that account for cooperativity in allosteric systems date
back to the early and mid‐60's (eg, the KNF and MWC models), there is resurgent interest in …

Allostery in proteins influences various biological processes such as regulation of gene
transcription and activities of enzymes and cell signaling. Computational approaches for …

The chief mechanism used by bacteria for sensing their environment is based on two
conserved proteins: a sensor histidine kinase (HK) and an effector response regulator (RR) …

CheY-like phosphoacceptor (or receiver [REC]) domain is a common module in a variety of
response regulators of the bacterial signal transduction systems. In this work, 4,610 …

Recent discoveries suggest that a novel second messenger, bis-(3′→ 5′)-cyclic di-GMP
(c-diGMP), is extensively used by bacteria to control multicellular behavior. Condensation of …

Histidine protein kinases (HPKs) are a large family of signal-transduction enzymes that
autophosphorylate on a conserved histidine residue. HPKs form two-component signaling …

The bacterial flagellar motor is a reversible rotary nano-machine, about 45 nm in diameter,
embedded in the bacterial cell envelope. It is powered by the flux of H+ or Na+ ions across …

During signal transduction by two-component regulatory systems, sensor kinases detect and
encode input information while response regulators (RRs) control output. Most receiver …

Cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous bacterial second
messenger involved in the regulation of cell surface-associated traits and persistence. We …