Tumours employ various tactics to adapt and eventually resist immune attack. These
mechanisms are collectively called adaptive immune resistance (AIR). The first defined and …

T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell
development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and …

Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which
either promotes or suppresses tumor progression, potentially displaying opposing effects on …

Cancer immunotherapy offers substantive benefit to patients with various tumour types, in
some cases leading to complete tumour clearance. However, many patients do not respond …

Abstract The international American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International
Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system provides the …

T lymphocytes, the major effector cells in cellular immunity, produce cytokines in immune
responses to mediate inflammation and regulate other types of immune cells. Work in the …

Effector CD8+ T cells are typically thought to be a homogenous group of cytotoxic cells that
produce interferon-(IFN) γ. However, recent findings have challenged this notion because …

Simple Summary The relationship between the immune system and tumours is currently one
of the most studied topics in the field of cancer. Previously, it was thought that a tumour could …

The tumour microenvironment is the primary location in which tumour cells and the host
immune system interact. Different immune cell subsets are recruited into the tumour …

Live regulatory T cells (Treg cells) suppress antitumor immunity, but how Treg cells behave
in the metabolically abnormal tumor microenvironment remains unknown. Here we show …