Metabolic syndrome (MetS) forms a cluster of metabolic dysregulations including insulin
resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension. The pathogenesis …

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous
and exogenous processes; however, they are neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic …

Organisms are continually exposed to exogenous and endogenous sources of reactive
oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidants that have both beneficial and deleterious effects …

Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as
cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Long term …

Mitochondria are known to generate approximately 90% of cellular reactive oxygen species
(ROS). The imbalance between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production …

Simple Summary Oxidative stress occurs within biological systems when free radicals,
classified as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, are in excess. The …

Among other mechanisms, oxidative stress has been postulated to play an important role in
the rate of ageing. Oxidative damage contributes to the hallmarks of ageing and essential …

As an essential organelle in nucleated eukaryotic cells, mitochondria play a central role in
energy metabolism, maintenance of redox balance, and regulation of apoptosis …

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell and are involved in essential functions of the
cell, including ATP production, intracellular Ca 2+ regulation, reactive oxygen species …

There is significant evidence that, in living systems, free radicals and other reactive oxygen
and nitrogen species play a double role, because they can cause oxidative damage and …