This review examines the dichotomy between automatic and autonomous behaviors in
surgical robots, maps the possible levels of autonomy of these robots, and describes the …

Emerging paradigms furthering the reach of medical technology into human anatomy
present unique modeling, control, and sensing problems. This review provides a brief history …

Purpose: Digital twins are virtual replicas of real-world objects and processes, and they have
potential applications in the field of surgical procedures, such as enhancing situational …

With the development of artificial intelligence, stiffness sensors are extensively utilized in
various fields, and their integration with robots for automated palpation has gained …

In surgical tumor removal, inaccurate localization can lead to removal of excessive healthy
tissue and failure to completely remove cancerous tissue. Automated palpation with a tactile …

The surgical paradigm of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been a key driver to the
adoption of robotic surgical assistance. Progress in the last three decades has led to a …

Continuum robots have been attracting extensive attentions in the past few years due to their
potential applications in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Force sensing is critical in surgical …

One of the goals of computer-aided surgery is to register intraoperative data to preoperative
model of the anatomy, and hence add complementary information that can facilitate the task …

This work presents the design and evaluation of a low-cost tri-axial force sensor, that has
been developed to regain the sense of touch in minimally invasive surgeries (MIS). The …

In this work, we develop an approach for guiding robots to automatically localize and find the
shapes of tumors and other stiff inclusions present in the anatomy. Our approach uses …