Despite a technically perfect procedure, surgical stress can determine the success or failure
of an operation. Surgical trauma is often referred to as the “neglected step-child” of global …

Over the years, many explanations have been put forward to explain early and late deaths
following hemorrhagic trauma. Most include single-event, sequential contributions from …

Despite surgical proficiency and innovation driving low mortality rates in cardiac surgery, the
disease severity, comorbidity rate, and operative procedural difficulty have increased …

If a trauma (or infection) exceeds the body's evolutionary design limits, a stress response is
activated to quickly restore homeostasis. However, when the injury severity score is high …

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that admission serum magnesium levels are associated
with hematoma volume, hematoma growth, and functional outcomes in patients with …

Traumatic-induced coagulopathy (TIC) is often associated with significant bleeding,
transfusion requirements, inflammation, morbidity, and mortality. This review considers TIC …

The management of severe burns remains a complex challenge. Adenosine, lidocaine, and
magnesium (ALM) resuscitation therapy has been shown to protect against hemorrhagic …

New frontline drugs and therapies are urgently required to protect the body from primary and
secondary injuries. We review more than 10 years of work on adenosine, lidocaine, and …

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating subtype of stroke that results
in significant rates of mortality and morbidities. The initial hematoma volume, hematoma …

Methods: After baseline, 40% of total blood volume was removed from 44 anesthetized
Sprague–Dawley male rats. One hour after hemorrhage, animals were resuscitated using …