Rhodopsin is the photoreceptor in human rod cells responsible for dim-light vision. The
visual receptors are part of the large superfamily of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) …

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein (G protein)–coupled receptors (GPCRs)
respond to a variety of different external stimuli and activate G proteins. GPCRs share many …

Class AG protein–coupled receptors have evolved to recognize ligands ranging from small-
molecule odorants to proteins. Although they are among the most diverse membrane …

The Drosophila nlnaE gene was isolated by a multistep protocol on the basis of its homology
to bovine opsin cDNA. The gene encodes the maior visual pigment protein (opsln) …

(Cellular systems for the transduction of external stimuli into intracellular signals are
essential components of the cellular plasma membrane. An emerging paradigm is that such …

Orientation of the green alga Chlamydomonas in light (phototaxis and stop responses) is
controlled by a visual system with a rhodopsin as the functional photoreceptor. Here, we …

Rhodopsin is constrained in an inactive conformation by interactions with 11-cis-retinal
including formation of a protonated Schiff base with Lys 296. Upon photoisomerization …

The protonated Schiff bases of all‐trans‐retinal and its double bond isomers, 11‐cis‐and 13‐
cis‐retinals, comprise the chromophores of bacteriorhodopsin, sensory rhodopsin …

Experiments are reviewed in which the photoreactions of the visual pigments rhodopsin and
octopus rhodopsin have been investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. It is shown that from the …

Despite high-resolution crystal structures of both inactive and active G protein-coupled
receptors (GPCRs), it is still not known how ligands trigger the large structural change on the …