Background Technical skill assessment in surgery relies on expert opinion. Therefore, it is
time-consuming, costly, and often lacks objectivity. Analysis of intraoperative data by artificial …

Advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and sensors are significantly impacting multiple areas,
including education and workplaces. Following the PRISMA methodology, this review …

Objective This study explored the use of electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye gaze
features, experience-related features, and machine learning to evaluate performance and …

The purpose of the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) training is to develop
laparoscopic surgery skills by using simulation experiences. Several advanced training …

Eye tracking technology in adaptive learning systems enhances diagnostic capabilities by
providing valuable insights into cognitive processes. This information can be leveraged to …

In this study, we propose a classification method of expert–novice levels using a graph
convolutional network (GCN) with a confidence-aware node-level attention mechanism. In …

In laparoscopic surgery, surgeons should develop several manual laparoscopic skills before
carrying out real operative procedures using a low-cost box trainer. The Fundamentals of …

Purpose Efficient and precise surgical skills are essential in ensuring positive patient
outcomes. By continuously providing real-time, data driven, and objective evaluation of …

For certain surgical procedures, Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) has become more
advantageous than traditional open surgery. Therefore, mastery of laparoscopic skills is an …

For certain surgical procedures, Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) has become more
advantageous than traditional open surgery. Therefore, mastery of laparoscopic skills is an …