The incorporation of noncanonical amino acids into proteins and protein-based materials
has significantly expanded the repertoire of available protein structures and chemistries …

Within the canonical repertoire of the amino acid involved in protein biogenesis, proline
plays a unique role as an amino acid presenting a modified backbone rather than a side …

Conspectus Insulin has remained indispensable in the treatment of diabetes since it was first
discovered in 1921. Unlike small molecular drugs, insulin and other protein drugs are prone …

Hydrogels have emerged as a promising class of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking
materials in regenerative medicine. Here, we briefly describe current state-of-the-art of ECM …

Recombinant insulin is a life-saving therapeutic for millions of patients affected by diabetes
mellitus. Standard mutagenesis has led to insulin variants with improved control of blood …

Exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying insulin analogs is important for protein
engineering to design innovative drug proteins. Insulin aspart (IAsp) and insulin degludec …