Drawing on the epistemologies of the Global South and the sociolinguistic reality of English
in postcolonial Bangladesh, this article conceptualises English as a Southern language …

This study investigates the types of culture (eg source culture, target culture, and
international culture) that are presented in a high school level English textbook in Indonesia …

As an international language, English has undergone considerable changes as a result of
cultural, political, and economic influences (Halliday, 2020). Approximately, it is reported that …

The issue of assessment in Malaysian international schools has rarely been explored. This
qualitative study focuses on the views of three groups of stakeholders regarding the English …

In Kachru's original classification, the countries of the Expanding Circle were those where
English was learned primarily as a foreign language in schools. English did not play an …

The relationship between language planning and education is described by terms such as
language in education planning (LEP), which is a subtype of language policy and planning …

The understanding that English comprises a range of varieties is of long standing. Some
sixty-five years ago Halliday, McIntosh and Strevens pointed out that: English is no longer …

Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data from teachers and students in Hong Kong's
secondary schools, this book examines critical questions in relation to language learning …

While world Englishes (WE) has received growing recognition, there are also ongoing
criticisms about this perspective on English in the world. The main criticisms refer to the …

In this chapter we first review definitions of ELF and then give examples of ELF from a variety
of different contexts and illustrate how ELF itself is characterised by boundless diversity …