Many forms of developmental plasticity have been observed and these are usually
beneficial to the organism. The Predictive Adaptive Response (PAR) hypothesis refers to a …

How do exposures to stress affect biobehavioral development and, through it, psychiatric
and biomedical disorder? In the health sciences, the allostatic load model provides a widely …

On average, psychological variables are often statistically different in people living in poverty
compared with people living in affluence. The default academic response to this pattern is …

Where did we come from? What is our connection with other life forms? What are the
mechanisms of mind that define what it means to be a human being? Evolutionary …

Many studies in humans have shown that adverse experience in early life is associated with
accelerated reproductive timing, and there is comparative evidence for similar effects in …

Biology presents many wonders, but one of the most remarkable is how a complex
multicellular organism grows from a single cell. Until recently, the processes involved …

Where the expected reproductive life span is short, theory predicts that individuals should
follow a “fast” life-history strategy of early reproduction, reduced investment in each …

Background Maternal depression is one of the most common prenatal complications. The
consequences of fetal exposure to maternal depression are poorly understood. The aim of …

Immune defenses provide resistance against infectious disease that is critical to survival. But
immune defenses are costly, and limited resources allocated to immunity are not available …

The life history of Homo sapiens is characterized by a lengthy period of juvenile
dependence that requires extensive allocare, short interbirth intervals with concomitantly …