Inflammation is among the core causatives of male infertility. Despite male infertility being a
serious global issue,“bits and pieces” of its complex etiopathology still remain missing …

The mammalian testis possesses a special immunological environment because of its
properties of remarkable immune privilege and effective local innate immunity. Testicular …

The testis must create and maintain an immune privileged environment to protect maturing
germ cells from autoimmune destruction. The establishment of this protective environment is …

Recent years have brought a paradigm shift for the role of the essential trace element zinc in
immunity. Although its function as a structural component of many enzymes has been known …

The testis presents a special immunological environment, considering its property of
immune privilege that tolerates allo-and auto-antigens. Testicular immune privilege was …

The ability of spermatogenic cells to evade the host immune system and the ability of
systemic inflammation to inhibit male reproductive function represent two of the most …

Protection of the spermatogenic cells from the host immune response is fundamental to male
fertility. Significantly, this protection extends to the tolerance of foreign tissue grafts placed …

The male genital tract (MGT) is the target of a number of viral infections that can have
deleterious consequences at the individual, offspring, and population levels. These …

Activin A is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, which we have
identified as having a role in inflammatory responses. We show that circulating levels of …

Activin was discovered in the 1980's as a gonadal protein that stimulated FSH release from
pituitary gonadotropes and was thought of as a reproductive hormone. In the ensuing …