Chemoresistance is one of the major challenges for the breast cancer treatment. Owing to its
heterogeneous nature, the chemoresistance mechanisms of breast cancer are complicated …

During the last few decades, improvements in the planning and application of radiotherapy
in combination with surgery and chemotherapy resulted in increased survival rates of tumor …

Breast cancer affects approximately 1 in 8 women, and it is estimated that over 246,660
women in the USA will be diagnosed with breast cancer in 2016. Breast cancer mortality has …

The ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases has a central role in the tumorigenesis of many
types of solid tumour. Various therapeutics targeting these receptors have been approved …

Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible developmental genetic programme
of transdifferentiation of polarised epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells. In cancer, EMT is an …

Resistance to conventional and target specific antitumor drugs still remains one of the major
cause of treatment failure and patience death. This condition often involves ATP-binding …

Since cloning of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family member breast cancer resistance
protein (BCRP/ABCG2) and its characterization as a multidrug resistance efflux transporter …

The endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) is an exogenous substance or mixture that alters
the function of the endocrine system and consequently causes adverse effects in intact …

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been one of the most targeted receptors in
the field of oncology. While anti-EGFR inhibitors have demonstrated clinical success in …

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the EGFR family of receptor
tyrosine kinases (RTKs). EGFR activation via ligand binding results in signaling through …