Over the past 10 years, the development and convergence of microbial opsin engineering,
modular genetic methods for cell-type targeting and optical strategies for guiding light …

Self-organized criticality (SOC) refers to the ability of complex systems to evolve toward a
second-order phase transition at which interactions between system components lead to …

The mystery of general anesthesia is that it specifically suppresses consciousness by
disrupting feedback signaling in the brain, even when feedforward signaling and basic …

The role of astrocytes in neuronal function has received increasing recognition, but
disagreement remains about their function at the circuit level. Here we use in vivo two …

The relationship between mesoscopic local field potentials (LFPs) and single-neuron firing
in the multi-layered neocortex is poorly understood. Simultaneous recordings from all layers …

The sensory cortex contains a wide array of neuronal types, which are connected together
into complex but partially stereotyped circuits. Sensory stimuli trigger cascades of electrical …

The past decade has witnessed a renewed interest in cortical local field potentials (LFPs)—
that is, extracellularly recorded potentials with frequencies of up to∼ 500 Hz. This is due to …

During even the most quiescent behavioral periods, the cortex and thalamus express rich
spontaneous activity in the form of slow (< 1 Hz), synchronous network state transitions …

Even modest sleep restriction, especially the loss of sleep slow wave activity (SWA), is
invariably associated with slower electroencephalogram (EEG) activity during wake, the …

Summary In layer 6 (L6), a principal output layer of the mammalian cerebral cortex, a
population of excitatory neurons defined by the NTSR1-Cre mouse line inhibit cortical …