Depression has become one of the most severe psychiatric disorders and endangers the
health of living beings all over the world. In order to explore the molecular mechanism that …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Paeonia, which comprises approximately 52 shrubs or
herbaceous perennials around the world, is the only genus of the Paeoniaceae and is …

The chronic mild (or unpredictable/variable) stress (CMS) model was developed as an
animal model of depression more than 20 years ago. The foundation of this model was that …

Serotonin regulates many physiological processes including sleep, appetite, and mood.
Thus, serotonergic system is an important target in the treatment of psychiatric disorders …

Depression has been widely accepted as a major psychiatric disease affecting nearly 350
million people worldwide. Research focus is now shifting from studying the extrinsic and …

The incidence of depressive illness is high worldwide, and the inadequacy of currently
available drug treatments contributes to the significant health burden associated with …

The chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm is extensively used in preclinical
research. However, CUS exhibits translational inconsistencies, some of them resulting from …

Serotonin modulates several physiological and cognitive pathways throughout the human
body that affect emotions, memory, sleep, and thermal regulation. The complex nature of the …

Rodent models are an indispensable tool for studying etiology and progress of depression.
Since interrelated systems of neurotrophic factors and cytokines comprise major regulatory …

Purpose: Depression is one of the most prevalent, recurrent and life-threatening mental
illnesses. However, the precise mechanism underlying the disorder is not yet clearly …