Since the introduction of insulin almost a century ago, more than 80 peptide drugs have
reached the market for a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis …

Monitoring and manipulating the physical and chemical behavior of single molecules is an
important development direction of molecular electronics that aids in understanding the …

Integral membrane protein structure determination traditionally requires extraction from cell
membranes using detergents or polymers. Here, we describe the isolation and structure …

Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels are targeted by a number of widely used and
investigational drugs for the treatment of epilepsy, arrhythmia, pain, and other disorders …

INTRODUCTION The nine subtypes of mammalian voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels,
Nav1. 1 to Nav1. 9, are responsible for the initiation and propagation of action potentials in …

Voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1. 7 represents a promising target for pain relief. Here we
report the cryo–electron microscopy structures of the human Nav1. 7-β1-β2 complex bound …

The voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1. 2 is responsible for the initiation and propagation
of action potentials in the central nervous system. We report the cryo–electron microscopy …

Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels are targets of disease mutations, toxins, and
therapeutic drugs. Despite recent advances, the structural basis of voltage sensing …

Membrane proteins are highly diverse in both structure and function and can, therefore,
present different challenges for structure determination. They are biologically important for …

Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel Nav1. 7 has been targeted for the development of
nonaddictive pain killers. Structures of Nav1. 7 in distinct functional states will offer an …