Oxidative stress (OS), defined as disturbances in the pro-/antioxidant balance, is harmful to
cells due to the excessive generation of highly reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) …

Globally, over 103 million individuals are afflicted by CKD, a silent killer claiming the lives of
1.2 million people annually. CKD is characterized by five progressive stages, in which …

Background Both copper deficiency and overexposure have been associated with adverse
health effects. Evidence linking copper to bone mineral density (BMD) and total fracture …

Abstract Zn 2+ deficiency (ZnD) is comorbid with chronic kidney disease and worsens
kidney complications. Oxidative stress is implicated in the detrimental effects of ZnD …

Background: Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human beings and its deficiency affects
their normal growth and development. Objective: The main aim was to evaluate the effect of …

Previous studies have shown that haemodialysis patients have an increased risk of trace
element imbalances. Most studies have determined the concentration of trace elements in …

In end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), pediatric nephrologists must consider the
homeostasis of the multiple water-soluble ions that are influenced by renal replacement …

Objectives Trace elements, which have a crucial role in metabolism and enzymatic
pathways, are not routinely monitored in the blood of pediatric patients with chronic kidney …

Cardiovascular complications caused by an accelerated atherosclerotic disease consist the
major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These …

Introducción: la nutrición parenteral (NP) en la infancia es un tratamiento cuyas
características son muy variables en función de la edad y la patología que presente el …