Human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous or subcutaneous administration are
the cornerstone of treatment in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases affecting …

Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by vascular
thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity associated with persistent antiphospholipid antibody …

BACKGROUND Recurrent miscarriage and pre-eclampsia are common reproductive
disorders, but their causes are often unknown. Recent evidence has provided new insight …

Repeated implantation failure (RIF) is determined when embryos of good quality fail to
implant following several in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment cycles. Implantation failure is …

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the influence of high exposure to bisphenol A on
recurrent miscarriage and immunoendocrine abnormalities. METHODS: Serum bisphenol A …

The success rate of reproductive treatment methods depends on many different factors. The
most important and discussed ones in the literature are maternal age, the causes of …

The endocrine system and the immune system interact closely during implantation and
maintenance of pregnancy. One of the most striking examples of this communication is at the …

Background Because immunological aberrations might be the cause of miscarriage in some
women, several immunotherapies have been used to treat women with otherwise …

Around 1–5% of all couples experience recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Established risk
factors include anatomical, genetic, endocrine, and hemostatic alterations. With around 50 …

The maternal immune system needs to adapt to tolerate the semi-allogeneic conceptus.
Since maternal allo-reactive lymphocytes are not fully depleted, other local/systemic …