Ensuring improved leg health is an important prerequisite for broilers to achieve optimal
production performance and welfare status. Broiler leg disease is characterized by leg …

Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal which is being used widely in the industry and agriculture.
However, the overuse of Cu makes it a common environmental pollutant. In order to …

1Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan 2Department of
Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 3Department of Fisheries …

Vanadium (V) is an essential mineral element in animals, but excessive V can lead to many
diseases, affecting the health of humans and animals. However, the molecular crosstalk …

Thiram is a plant fungicide, its excessive use has exceeded the required environmental
standards. It causes tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broilers which is a common metabolic …

Long-term exposure to excessive fluoride causes chronic damage in the body tissues and
could lead to skeletal and dental fluorosis. Cartilage damage caused by excessive fluoride …

Thiram is a dithiocarbamate pesticide extensively used as a fungicide to preserve crops and
seeds. Long-term exposure to thiram causes potential harm to the health of human beings …

The present study investigated the adverse effects of arsenic and chromium in broilers and
ascertained the role of vitamin E and bentonite in alleviating their harmful effects. For this …

Butachlor is a systemic herbicide widely applied on wheat, rice, beans, and different other
crops, and is frequently detected in groundwater, surface water, and soil. Therefore, it is …

Thiram, a widely used organic pesticide in agriculture, exhibits both bactericidal and
insecticidal effects. However, prolonged exposure to thiram has been linked to bone …