Even in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM)
may increase the risk for heart failure development. This risk evolves from functional and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are products of normal metabolism and xenobiotic
exposure, and depending on their concentration, ROS can be beneficial or harmful to cells …

Diet is the only known intervention which has been conclusively shown to extend life span. It
can be argued the key role diet has to play in the aging process came to prominence as a …

Mitochondria are the primary intracellular site of oxygen consumption and the major source
of reactive oxygen species (ROS), most of them originating from the mitochondrial …

Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of heart failure independently of underlying coronary
artery disease, and many believe that diabetes leads to cardiomyopathy. The underlying …

Glutathione (GSH), often referred to as “the master antioxidant,” participates not only in
antioxidant defense systems, but many metabolic processes, and therefore its role cannot be …

Over the last decade fundamentally new features have been revealed for the participation of
glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione transferase and glutaredoxin) …

Apoptosis is a highly organized form of cell death that is important for tissue homeostasis,
organ development and senescence. To date, the extrinsic (death receptor mediated) and …

Reduced glutathione (L-γ-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) is the prevalent low-molecular-
weight thiol in mammalian cells. It is formed in a two-step enzymatic process including, first …

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle-specific disease that increases the risk of heart
failure and mortality in diabetic patients independent of vascular pathology. Mitochondria …