Low energy availability (LEA) represents a state in which the body does not have enough
energy left to support all physiological functions needed to maintain optimal health. When …

The term Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport was introduced by the International Olympic
Committee in 2014. It refers to the potential health and performance consequences of …

Nova edição da obra dos renomados Fleck e Kraemer, Fundamentos do treinamento de
força muscular é referência indispensável para desenvolver programas de treinamento …

Page 1 Designing Resistance Training Programs FoUrth Edition Steven J. Fleck, PhD University
of Wisconsin–Parkside William J. Kraemer, PhD University of Connecticut Human Kinetics …

Despite the poor prognosis of dieting in obesity management, which often results in
repeated attempts at weight loss and hence weight cycling, the prevalence of dieting has …

The popularity of natural bodybuilding is increasing; however, evidence-based
recommendations for it are lacking. This paper reviewed the scientific literature relevant to …

Optimized body composition provides a competitive advantage in a variety of sports. Weight
reduction is common among athletes aiming to improve their strength-to-mass ratio …

Caloric restriction occurs when athletes attempt to reduce body fat or make weight. There is
evidence that protein needs increase when athletes restrict calories or have low body fat …

Strength and power athletes are primarily interested in enhancing power relative to body
weight and thus almost all undertake some form of resistance training. While athletes may …

Advancing age is associated with a progressive loss of skeletal muscle (SkM) mass and
function. Given the worldwide aging demographics, this is a major contributor to morbidity …